In embedded systems, resources are constrained. Whether it is memory, processing speed, or energy use-every byte and every cycle matters. Writing working code is one thing; writing efficient code is another story.
Optimizing embedded code isn’t just about speed. It’s optimizing the use of space and power while keeping features and reliability intact.
Why Optimization Matters
Most embedded systems are built for very specific uses, very often using hardware with limited capabilities. You can’t always simply increase memory or power- especially in products that reside in homes, hospitals, or vehicles. In these situations, your code’s performance will directly impact product quality, cost, and lifespan.
Key Ways to Optimize Code
Here are some practical ways to improve performance and consume less memory during development:
1. Choose the Right Data Types;
Choosing the wrong type of data can waste space, or cost processing time. For example, using float or double instead of an int takes more memory and takes time to process.
Use fixed-width types (int16_t, uint8_t), if memory is an issue.
Avoid floating-point math unless it is necessary.
Choose a variable size to match the data range.
2. Delete any Unused Code and Features;
Don’t include extra libraries, functions, or drivers unless you need them. This will keep your codebase clean and lower memory usage, and it will make debugging easier.
Use link-time optimization (LTO) to delete any unused code.
Eliminate hardware layers if you don’t use all of the features
3. Be a Good Memory Manager
Using dynamic memory, such as malloc and free, in embedded systems can be a tricky thing to do, especially to real-time applications, as fragmentation and unforeseen behavior can arise at any time.
If possible, use static or stack memory.
You should monitor your memory usage as the system runs.
If it’s a must to use dynamic memory, go for fixed-size blocks, or otherwise use a memory pool.
4. Cut Down on Function Calls
In cases where performance is the most important part of your code, too many function calls, especially if they are in a loop, can slow things down.
For small tasks that are repeated, consider using inline.
Try not to have too many nested calls in your code.
Keep your interrupt routines simple and short.
5. Improve Loops and Conditions
If loops and decisions aren’t optimized, they can slow down your code. Small changes here can make a big difference.
Don’t calculate inside the loop, if you can, pre-calculate them outside.
Pre-compute variables that are regularly used
Use lookup tables when it is needed.
6. Utilize Compiler Optimization Tools
When using compilers, you have access to tools that allow you to optimize speed or minimize size.
When memory is limited, use -Os
Only mark variables as volatile when necessary, for example, when accessing hardware)
Enable warnings to help identify problems early on
7. Measure First – Optimize Later
Don’t guess, measure your code’s performance first! Use tools such as profilers or memory analyzers so you know what to actually work on.
Count the cycles spent on each function
Watch memory usage for leaks or spikes
focus your efforts on the portion of the code that runs most often
Striking a Balance Between Speed and Size
Optimization is a process of making the best decision. If you overly focus on reducing size, you risk making your code unreadable. If you go too far down the performance path, you may unnecessarily increase power consumption or sacrifice portability. You want to comply with specifications without further complicating maintenance.
A Smarter Approach to Embedded Systems
For companies developing embedded solutions in highly regulated domains such as healthcare, automobile, or manufacturing, optimized code is not just an advantage; it’s a requirement. Fast and efficient embedded software will enhance performance, decrease power consumption and remove costs due to bugs and delays.
Embedded software development services at SunStream ensure efficient and on time deliveries of your projects. Our services ensure that your hardware uses the most efficient embedded technology to ensure success in field and easy serviceability.
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